ESP32 - Ultrasonic Sensor - LED

This tutorial instructs you how to use ESP32 and Ultrasonic sensor to control the LED. In detail:

The ESP32 automatically turns LED on when an object is close to the ultrasonic sensor.
The ESP32 automatically turns LED off when an object is far from the ultrasonic sensor.

Hardware Used In This Tutorial

1	×	ESP-WROOM-32 Dev Module
1	×	USB Cable Type-C
1	×	Ultrasonic Sensor
1	×	LED
1	×	220 ohm resistor
1	×	Breadboard
1	×	Jumper Wires
1	×	(Optional) DC Power Jack
1	×	(Recommended) Screw Terminal Expansion Board for ESP32
1	×	(Recommended) Power Splitter For ESP32

Or you can buy the following sensor kits:

1	×	DIYables Sensor Kit (30 sensors/displays)
1	×	DIYables Sensor Kit (18 sensors/displays)

Disclosure: Some of the links in this section are Amazon affiliate links, meaning we may earn a commission at no additional cost to you if you make a purchase through them. Additionally, some links direct you to products from our own brand, DIYables.

Introduction to LED and Ultrasonic Sensor

We have specific tutorials about LED and ultrasonic sensor. Each tutorial contains detailed information and step-by-step instructions about hardware pinout, working principle, wiring connection to ESP32, ESP32 code... Learn more about them at the following links:

Wiring Diagram

The wiring diagram with power supply from USB cable

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

The wiring diagram with power supply from 5v adapter

ESP32 Ultrasonic Sensor LED Wiring Diagram 5v power source

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

If you're unfamiliar with how to supply power to the ESP32 and other components, you can find guidance in the following tutorial: How to Power ESP32.

ESP32 Code

/* * This ESP32 code is created by esp32io.com * * This ESP32 code is released in the public domain * * For more detail (instruction and wiring diagram), visit https://esp32io.com/tutorials/esp32-ultrasonic-sensor-led */ #define TRIG_PIN 26 // ESP32 pin GPIO26 connected to Ultrasonic Sensor's TRIG pin #define ECHO_PIN 25 // ESP32 pin GPIO25 connected to Ultrasonic Sensor's ECHO pin #define LED_PIN 17 // ESP32 pin GPIO17 connected to LED's pin #define DISTANCE_THRESHOLD 50 // centimeters // variables will change: float duration_us, distance_cm; void setup() { Serial.begin (9600); // initialize serial port pinMode(TRIG_PIN, OUTPUT); // set ESP32 pin to output mode pinMode(ECHO_PIN, INPUT); // set ESP32 pin to input mode pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT); // set ESP32 pin to output mode } void loop() { // generate 10-microsecond pulse to TRIG pin digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW); // measure duration of pulse from ECHO pin duration_us = pulseIn(ECHO_PIN, HIGH); // calculate the distance distance_cm = 0.017 * duration_us; if (distance_cm < DISTANCE_THRESHOLD) digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH); // turn on LED else digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW); // turn off LED // print the value to Serial Monitor Serial.print("distance: "); Serial.print(distance_cm); Serial.println(" cm"); delay(500); }

Quick Instructions

If this is the first time you use ESP32, see how to setup environment for ESP32 on Arduino IDE.
Do the wiring as above image.
Connect the ESP32 board to your PC via a micro USB cable
Open Arduino IDE on your PC.
Select the right ESP32 board (e.g. ESP32 Dev Module) and COM port.
Copy the above code and paste it to Arduino IDE.
Compile and upload code to ESP32 board by clicking Upload button on Arduino IDE

Move your hand in front of sensor
See the change of LED's state

Line-by-line Code Explanation

The above ESP32 code contains line-by-line explanation. Please read the comments in the code!

Video Tutorial

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