ESP32 - Flame Sensor

Hardware Used In This Tutorial

Or you can buy the following sensor kits:

Introduction to Flame Sensor

The infrared flame sensor can detect a flame or check how much infrared light the flame gives off. So, it helps us spot fires. This sensor offers two choices using a digital output pin and an analog output pin.

These sensors are designed to catch a certain types of infrared light emitted by flames while ignoring other types, like the heat from people or indoor lights. But like any sensor, they have their limits, and sometimes they might make mistakes, either saying there's a fire when there isn't (false positive) or missing a fire when it's there (false negative).

Pinout

The flame sensor includes four pins:

• VCC pin: It needs to be connected to VCC (3.3V to 5V).
• GND pin: It needs to be connected to GND (0V).
• DO pin: It is a digital output pin. It is HIGH if the flame is not detected and LOW if detected. The threshold value for flame detection can be adjusted using a built-in potentiometer.
• AO pin: It is an analog output pin. The output value decreases as the infraed level is decreased, and it increases as infraed level is increased.

Furthermore, it has two LED indicators:

• One PWR-LED indicator for power.
• One DO-LED indicator for the flame state on the DO pin: it is on when flame is present.

How It Works

For the DO pin:

• The module has a built-in potentiometer for setting the infrared threshold (sensitivity).
• When the infrared intensity is above the threshold value, the flame is detected, the output pin of the sensor is LOW, and the DO-LED is on.
• When the infrared intensity is below the threshold value, the flame is NOT detected, the output pin of the sensor is HIGH, and the DO-LED is off.

For the AO pin:

• The higher the infrared intensity in the surrounding environment, the higher the value read from the AO pin.
• The lower the infrared intensity in the surrounding environment, the lower the value read from the AO pin.

Note that the potentiometer does not affect the value on the AO pin.

Wiring Diagram

Since the flame sensor module has two outputs, you can choose to use one or both of them, depending on what you need.

• The wiring diagram between ESP32 and the flame sensor when using DO only.

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

If you're unfamiliar with how to supply power to the ESP32 and other components, you can find guidance in the following tutorial: How to Power ESP32.

• The wiring diagram between ESP32 and the flame sensor when using AO only.

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

• The wiring diagram between ESP32 and the flame sensor when using both AO an DO.

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

ESP32 Code - Read value from DO pin

Quick Instructions

• If this is the first time you use ESP32, see how to setup environment for ESP32 on Arduino IDE.
• Copy the above code and open with Arduino IDE
• Click Upload button on Arduino IDE to upload code to ESP32
• Direct the flame sensor to a flame.
• See the result on Serial Monitor.

Please keep in mind that if you notice the LED status remaining on constantly or off even when the sensor faces to a flame, you can adjust the potentiometer to fine-tune the sensitivity of the sensor.

ESP32 Code - Read value from AO pin

Quick Instructions

• Copy the above code and open with Arduino IDE
• Click Upload button on Arduino IDE to upload code to ESP32
• Direct the flame sensor to a flame.
• See the result on Serial Monitor.

Video Tutorial

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Function References

• pinMode()
• digitalRead()
• analogRead()
• Serial

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