ESP32 - Control Fan

This tutorial instructs you how to use ESP32 to control a fan.

Hardware Used In This Tutorial

1×ESP-WROOM-32 Dev Module
1×Micro USB Cable
1×Relay
1×12V Cooling Fan
1×12V Power Adapter
1×Breadboard
1×Jumper Wires
1×(Optional) DC Power Jack
1×(Optional) ESP32 Screw Terminal Adapter

Or you can buy the following sensor kit:

1×DIYables Sensor Kit 30 types, 69 units
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How to Control Fan

  • If we connect a 12V power supply to a 12V fan, the fan spins at full speed.
  • If we connect a 12V PWM signal to a 12V fan, the fan spins at a speed in proportion to the PWM's duty cycle.

This tutorial instructs you how to use ESP32 to turn on/off a fan. Controlling the speed of a fan will be presented in another tutorial.

Because the fan uses the high voltage, we cannot connect it directly to ESP32, we need to connect fan to ESP32 indirectly via a relay. We have specific tutorials about relay (pinout, how it works, how to program ...), learn about relay in the ESP32 - Relay tutorial

Wiring Diagram

ESP32 Fan Wiring Diagram

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

ESP32 Code

The below code periodically turns the fan ON/OFF in every 10 seconds.

/* * This ESP32 code is created by esp32io.com * * This ESP32 code is released in the public domain * * For more detail (instruction and wiring diagram), visit https://esp32io.com/tutorials/esp32-controls-fan */ #define RELAY_PIN 16 // ESP32 pin GPIO16, which connects to the fan the via the relay // the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board void setup() { // initialize digital pin A5 as an output. pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT); } // the loop function runs over and over again forever void loop() { digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH); // turn on fan 10 seconds delay(10000); digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW); // turn off fan 10 seconds delay(10000); }

Quick Instructions

  • If this is the first time you use ESP32, see how to setup environment for ESP32 on Arduino IDE.
  • Do the wiring as above image.
  • Connect the ESP32 board to your PC via a micro USB cable
  • Open Arduino IDE on your PC.
  • Select the right ESP32 board (e.g. ESP32 Dev Module) and COM port.
  • Copy the above code and paste it to Arduino IDE.
  • Compile and upload code to ESP32 board by clicking Upload button on Arduino IDE
  • See the fan's state

Line-by-line Code Explanation

The above ESP32 code contains line-by-line explanation. Please read the comments in the code!

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