SENSORS/ACTUATORS

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INTERNET OF THING (IoT)

ESP32 - LM35 Temperature Sensor

This tutorial instructs you how to use ESP32 to read temperature value from LM35 temperature sensor, and print it to Serial Monitor.

Hardware Used In This Tutorial

1	×	ESP-WROOM-32 Dev Module
1	×	USB Cable Type-C
1	×	LM35 Temperature Sensor
1	×	Breadboard
1	×	Jumper Wires
1	×	(Optional) DC Power Jack
1	×	(Recommended) Screw Terminal Expansion Board for ESP32
1	×	(Recommended) Power Splitter For ESP32

Or you can buy the following sensor kits:

1	×	DIYables Sensor Kit (30 sensors/displays)
1	×	DIYables Sensor Kit (18 sensors/displays)

Disclosure: Some of the links in this section are Amazon affiliate links, meaning we may earn a commission at no additional cost to you if you make a purchase through them. Additionally, some links direct you to products from our own brand, DIYables.

Introduction to LM35 Temperature Sensor

LM35 Temperature Sensor Pinout

LM35 temperature sensor has three pins:

VCC pin: connect this pin to VCC (5V)
GND pin: connect this pin to GND (0V)
OUT pin: This pin outputs voltage in proportion to the temperature value.

LM35 temperature sensor Pinout

How LM35 Temperature Sensor Works

The LM35 sensor outputs the voltage in linearly proportion to the Celsius temperature. The output scale factor of the LM35 is 10 mV/°C. By measuring the voltage on the LM32's OUT pin, we can calculate the temperature value.

Wiring Diagram between LM35 Temperature Sensor and ESP32

The wiring diagram with power supply from USB cable

ESP32 LM35 temperature sensor Wiring Diagram

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

The wiring diagram with power supply from 5v adapter

ESP32 LM35 temperature sensor Wiring Diagram

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

If you're unfamiliar with how to supply power to the ESP32 and other components, you can find guidance in the following tutorial: How to Power ESP32.

ESP32 Code

/* * This ESP32 code is created by esp32io.com * * This ESP32 code is released in the public domain * * For more detail (instruction and wiring diagram), visit https://esp32io.com/tutorials/esp32-lm35-temperature-sensor */ #define ADC_VREF_mV 3300.0 // in millivolt #define ADC_RESOLUTION 4096.0 #define PIN_LM35 36 // ESP32 pin GPIO36 (ADC0) connected to LM35 void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); // set the ADC attenuation to 11 dB (up to ~3.3V input) analogSetAttenuation(ADC_11db); } void loop() { // read the ADC value from the temperature sensor int adcVal = analogRead(PIN_LM35); // convert the ADC value to voltage in millivolt float milliVolt = adcVal * (ADC_VREF_mV / ADC_RESOLUTION); // convert the voltage to the temperature in °C float tempC = milliVolt / 10; // convert the °C to °F float tempF = tempC * 9 / 5 + 32; // print the temperature in the Serial Monitor: Serial.print("Temperature: "); Serial.print(tempC); // print the temperature in °C Serial.print("°C"); Serial.print(" ~ "); // separator between °C and °F Serial.print(tempF); // print the temperature in °F Serial.println("°F"); delay(500); }

Quick Instructions

If this is the first time you use ESP32, see how to setup environment for ESP32 on Arduino IDE.
Copy the above code and paste it to Arduino IDE.
Compile and upload code to ESP32 board by clicking Upload button on Arduino IDE
Make the sensor colder or hotter. For example, putting the sensor near an ice cup
See the result on Serial Monitor. It looks like the below:

COM6

Send

Temperature: 26.31°C ~ 79.36°F Temperature: 26.44°C ~ 79.59°F Temperature: 26.50°C ~ 79.70°F Temperature: 26.56°C ~ 79.81°F Temperature: 27.06°C ~ 80.71°F Temperature: 27.75°C ~ 81.95°F Temperature: 28.37°C ~ 83.07°F Temperature: 29.00°C ~ 84.20°F Temperature: 29.56°C ~ 85.21°F Temperature: 30.00°C ~ 86.00°F Temperature: 30.31°C ~ 86.56°F Temperature: 30.62°C ~ 87.12°F Temperature: 30.87°C ~ 87.57°F

Autoscroll Show timestamp

Clear output

9600 baud

Newline

※ NOTE THAT:

This tutorial uses the analogRead() function to read values from an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) connected to a LM35 sensor. The ESP32 ADC is good for projects that do NOT need high accuracy. However, for projects that need precise measurements, please note:

The ESP32 ADC is not perfectly accurate and might need calibration for correct results. Each ESP32 board can be a bit different, so you need to calibrate the ADC for each individual board.
Calibration can be difficult, especially for beginners, and might not always give the exact results you want.

For projects that need high precision, consider using an external ADC (e.g ADS1115) with the ESP32 or using an Arduino, which has a more reliable ADC. If you still want to calibrate the ESP32 ADC, refer to ESP32 ADC Calibration Driver

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