ESP32 - Control Pump

This tutorial instructs you how to use ESP32 to control a pump. You can extend this tutorial to build the DIY aquarium, cocktail machine, coffee machine, or irrigation system...

This tutorial shows how to program the ESP32 using the Arduino language (C/C++) via the Arduino IDE. If you’d like to learn how to program the ESP32 with MicroPython, visit this ESP32 MicroPython - Controls Pump tutorial.

Hardware Used In This Tutorial

1	×	ESP-WROOM-32 Dev Module
1	×	USB Cable Type-A to Type-C (for USB-A PC)
1	×	USB Cable Type-C to Type-C (for USB-C PC)
1	×	Relay
1	×	12V Pump
1	×	Vinyl Tube
1	×	12V Power Adapter
1	×	Breadboard
1	×	Jumper Wires
1	×	Optionally, DC Power Jack
1	×	Recommended: Screw Terminal Expansion Board for ESP32
1	×	Recommended: Power Splitter for ESP32

Or you can buy the following kits:

1	×	DIYables ESP32 Starter Kit (ESP32 included)
1	×	DIYables Sensor Kit (30 sensors/displays)
1	×	DIYables Sensor Kit (18 sensors/displays)

Disclosure: Some of the links in this section are Amazon affiliate links, meaning we may earn a commission at no additional cost to you if you make a purchase through them. Additionally, some links direct you to products from our own brand, DIYables .

Introduction to 12V Pump

Pump Pinout

image source: diyables.io

A 12V Pump has two wires:

Negative (-) wire (black): connect this wire to the negative wire of 12V DC power supply
Positive (+) wire (red): connect this wire to the Positive wire of 12V DC power supply

How to Control Pump using ESP32

If we connect a 12V power supply to a pump, the pump will work. We can programmatically control a pump by using ESP32. To do so, we need a relay in between the pump ESP32 board. We have a specific tutorial about relay, which contains detailed information and step-by-step instructions about hardware pinout, working principle, wiring connection to ESP32, ESP32 code... Learn about relay in the ESP32 - Relay tutorial

Wiring Diagram between ESP32, Relay and Pump

How to connect ESP32 and controls pump using breadboard (powered via USB cable)

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

How to connect ESP32 and controls pump using breadboard (powered via Vin pin)

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

How to connect ESP32 and controls pump using screw terminal block breakout board (powered via USB cable)

How to connect ESP32 and controls pump using screw terminal block breakout board (powered via Vin pin)

If you're unfamiliar with how to supply power to the ESP32 and other components, you can find guidance in the following tutorial: The best way to Power ESP32 and sensors/displays.

ESP32 - Pump Code

The below code periodically turns the pump ON/OFF in every 4 seconds.

/* * This ESP32 code is created by esp32io.com * * This ESP32 code is released in the public domain * * For more detail (instruction and wiring diagram), visit https://esp32io.com/tutorials/esp32-controls-pump */ #define RELAY_PIN 16 // ESP32 pin GPIO16, which connects to the pump the via the relay // the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board void setup() { // initialize digital pin GPIO16 as an output. pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT); } // the loop function runs over and over again forever void loop() { digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH); // turn on pump 4 seconds delay(4000); digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW); // turn off pump 4 seconds delay(4000); }

Quick Instructions

If this is the first time you use ESP32, see how to setup environment for ESP32 on Arduino IDE.
Do the wiring as above image.
Connect the ESP32 board to your PC via a micro USB cable
Open Arduino IDE on your PC.
Select the right ESP32 board (e.g. ESP32 Dev Module) and COM port.
Copy the above code and paste it to Arduino IDE.
Compile and upload code to ESP32 board by clicking Upload button on Arduino IDE
See the pump's state

Line-by-line Code Explanation

The above ESP32 code contains line-by-line explanation. Please read the comments in the code!

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