ESP32 - Motion Sensor - Servo Motor

This tutorial instructs you how to use ESP32 with HC-SR501 motion sensor and Servo Motor. In detail:

ESP32 automatically rotates servo motor to 90 degree If the motion is detected,
ESP32 automatically rotates servo motor to back to 0 degree. degree If the motion is NOT detected.

Hardware Used In This Tutorial

1	×	ESP-WROOM-32 Dev Module
1	×	USB Cable Type-C
1	×	HC-SR501 Motion Sensor
1	×	Servo Motor
1	×	Breadboard
1	×	Jumper Wires
1	×	(Optional) DC Power Jack
1	×	(Recommended) Screw Terminal Expansion Board for ESP32
1	×	(Recommended) Power Splitter For ESP32

Or you can buy the following sensor kits:

1	×	DIYables Sensor Kit (30 sensors/displays)
1	×	DIYables Sensor Kit (18 sensors/displays)

Disclosure: Some of the links in this section are Amazon affiliate links, meaning we may earn a commission at no additional cost to you if you make a purchase through them. Additionally, some links direct you to products from our own brand, DIYables.

Introduction to Servo Motor and Motion Sensor

We have specific tutorials about servo motor and motion sensor. Each tutorial contains detailed information and step-by-step instructions about hardware pinout, working principle, wiring connection to ESP32, ESP32 code... Learn more about them at the following links:

Wiring Diagram

This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image

If you're unfamiliar with how to supply power to the ESP32 and other components, you can find guidance in the following tutorial: How to Power ESP32.

Initial Setting


Detection Range Adjuster	Fully screw it in the clockwise direction.
Time Delay Adjuster	Fully screw it in the anti-clockwise direction.
Repeat Trigger Selector	Put jumper like the below image.

ESP32 Code - Motion Sensor Controls Servo Motor

/* * This ESP32 code is created by esp32io.com * * This ESP32 code is released in the public domain * * For more detail (instruction and wiring diagram), visit https://esp32io.com/tutorials/esp32-motion-sensor-servo-motor */ #include <Servo.h> #define MOTION_SENSOR_PIN 22 // ESP32 pin GPIO22 connected to motion sensor's pin #define SERVO_PIN 26 // ESP32 pin GPIO26 connected to servo motor's pin Servo servo; // create servo object to control a servo // variables will change: int angle = 0; // the current angle of servo motor int lastMotionState; // the previous state of motion sensor int currentMotionState; // the current state of motion sensor void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); // initialize serial pinMode(MOTION_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT); // set ESP32 pin to input mode servo.attach(SERVO_PIN); // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object servo.write(angle); currentMotionState = digitalRead(MOTION_SENSOR_PIN); } void loop() { lastMotionState = currentMotionState; // save the last state currentMotionState = digitalRead(MOTION_SENSOR_PIN); // read new state if (currentMotionState == LOW && lastMotionState == HIGH) { // pin state change: LOW -> HIGH Serial.println("Motion detected!, rotating servo motor to 90°"); servo.write(90); } else if (currentMotionState == HIGH && lastMotionState == LOW) { // pin state change: HIGH -> LOW Serial.println("Motion stopped!, rotating servo motor to 0°"); servo.write(0); } }

Quick Instructions

If this is the first time you use ESP32, see how to setup environment for ESP32 on Arduino IDE.
Do the wiring as above image.
Connect the ESP32 board to your PC via a micro USB cable
Open Arduino IDE on your PC.
Select the right ESP32 board (e.g. ESP32 Dev Module) and COM port.
Click to the Libraries icon on the left bar of the Arduino IDE.
Type ServoESP32 on the search box, then look for the servo library by Jaroslav Paral. Please be aware that both version 1.1.1 and 1.1.0 are affected by bugs. Kindly choose a different version.
Click Install button to install servo motor library for ESP32.

Copy the above code and paste it to Arduino IDE.
Compile and upload code to ESP32 board by clicking Upload button on Arduino IDE
Move your hand in front of sensor
See the change of servo motor

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